modelatge

Modelatge is the practice of shaping a material to form a three-dimensional model, prototype, or mold used for analysis, representation, or manufacture. It encompasses physical modeling through manual techniques or the creation of molds and casts; in contemporary usage it also covers digital modeling that precedes fabrication. It is used across arts, design, dentistry, and industry.

In art and sculpture, modelatge involves shaping clay, wax, plaster, or similar materials over an armature to realize a sculpture or preparatory study. The resulting model can be used to produce molds for casting bronze or other materials or serve as a reference for further refinement.

In jewelry and crafts, wax or clay models are prepared for the lost-wax casting process, producing metal pieces. In dentistry, the term refers to creating dental casts from impressions, used for treatment planning, prosthetics, or orthodontics; the process uses gypsum-based materials to form accurate replicas of teeth and gums.

In film, theater and special effects, modelatge includes sculpting prosthetics, makeup appliances, or miniatures, followed by molding to reproduce for repeated use.

In manufacturing and product development, modelatge supports rapid prototyping and design validation; modern practice often integrates digital modeling (CAD) and 3D printing, enabling virtual models and physical surrogates.

Techniques and materials vary with purpose: manual modeling with clay, wax, or plaster; subtractive or additive processes; molds and casts; finishing and painting. Material choice depends on the desired fidelity and final use of the model.