miniatures

Miniatures are small figurines used in tabletop gaming, modeling, and display. They depict characters, monsters, vehicles, and troops, typically cast in metal, plastic, or resin, and are often painted and based to suit a game or diorama. The term covers mass-produced figures as well as custom or 3D-printed pieces, and includes multi-part kits builders assemble and customize.

Scales and sizes vary. Common scales include 1:72 and 1:76 (about 28 mm), 1:56 (also called 28 mm), and 1:35 for larger figures, with 15 mm and 6 mm used for skirmish or strategic games. Scale choice affects detail, balance, and compatibility with terrain and other figures.

Materials and production have evolved. Historically many miniatures were lead or pewter; modern figures are often white metal, zinc alloys, plastic, or resin. Plastic and resin kits offer high detail and easy assembly, while metal figures provide weight and durability. Advances such as 3D printing enable custom designs, rapid prototyping, and on-demand production.

Hobby and use extend beyond gaming. In games, miniatures serve as visual markers for units and characters on a tabletop battlefield or map, guiding rules for movement and combat. In role-playing and board games, they represent participants or monsters. The hobby includes painting, basing, and converting miniatures, and many collectors also trade, display, and curate their collections.

Impact and culture surround the hobby with clubs, conventions, and online marketplaces. It intersects with art, craft, and design, fostering skills in painting, sculpting, and modeling.