mikrohüdroelektrijaama

Mikrohüdroelektrijaam is a small-scale hydroelectric power plant. It is designed to generate electricity using the flow of water, typically in rivers, streams, or artificial channels. Unlike large-scale hydroelectric dams, micro hydro plants have a much smaller capacity, usually ranging from a few kilowatts up to 100 kilowatts. Their primary purpose is often to provide local electricity for individual homes, farms, communities, or small businesses, especially in areas where grid electricity is unavailable or unreliable.

The basic principle of operation involves a water source with a sufficient head (vertical drop) and flow rate. Water is channeled to a turbine, which is a mechanical device that spins when water passes over it. The spinning turbine is connected to a generator, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. Various types of turbines can be used, depending on the specific site conditions, such as Pelton, Francis, or Turgo turbines. The generated electricity can be used directly, stored in batteries, or fed into a local microgrid.

Microhydro projects are known for their relatively low environmental impact compared to larger hydropower installations. They typically require minimal civil works, such as a small diversion weir or intake structure and a penstock (pipe) to carry water to the turbine. They can be a sustainable and renewable energy source, contributing to energy independence and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Installation and maintenance costs are generally lower than for larger projects, making them an attractive option for decentralized power generation in remote or developing regions.