Mikrohüdroelektrijaam

Mikrohüdroelektrijaam is a term used in Estonian to describe a micro hydropower plant. These are small-scale hydroelectric power generation facilities typically designed to produce electricity for a single home, a small community, or a remote location. The capacity of a micro hydropower plant is generally considered to be less than 100 kilowatts, although definitions can vary slightly.

The principle of operation for a micro hydropower plant is the same as for larger hydroelectric facilities: it harnesses the energy of flowing water to generate electricity. This is usually achieved by diverting water from a natural stream or river through a channel or penstock to a turbine. The force of the water spins the turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity.

The suitability of a location for a micro hydropower plant depends on factors such as water flow rate and head, which is the vertical distance the water falls. Micro hydropower systems can be installed in various settings, including streams, rivers, and even artificial channels. They are often employed in rural or off-grid areas where access to conventional electricity is limited or expensive.

The environmental impact of micro hydropower plants is generally considered to be lower than that of larger dams, due to their smaller footprint and less intrusive infrastructure. However, careful planning and design are still necessary to minimize any potential effects on local ecosystems and water bodies. They offer a renewable and sustainable source of energy for localized power needs.