microtumors

Microtumors are small, early-stage tumor lesions that are typically less than five millimetres in diameter and often located in the glandular tissues of the breast, prostate, or other epithelial organs. While the term is most commonly applied to breast cancer, it has also been observed in glandular cancers such as prostate and ovarian cancers. A microtumor is usually identified through imaging techniques such as mammography, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), often as a radiographic density or an area of abnormal tissue architecture on biopsy.

In the breast, microtumors are usually classified as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or early invasive carcinoma. They are often discovered incidentally during screening programs, and their detection has increased following the introduction of high‑resolution imaging modalities. Early identification of microtumors is important, as even small lesions can metastasize over time.

Therapeutic management varies depending on the type, grade, and receptor status of the microtumor, as well as patient factors. Treatment options can range from surgical excision such as lumpectomy or mastectomy in breast microtumors, to active surveillance in cases where the tumor exhibits low‑grade features. In some cancers, such as certain prostate microtumors, active monitoring may be the preferred approach if the growth rate is slow.

Research into microtumors is ongoing, with particular focus on the molecular drivers that enable early tumorigenesis and the development of sensitive, non‑invasive screening techniques. Emerging studies highlight genetic signatures and micro‑environmental cues that promote progression from benign hyperplasia to malignant microtumors. These findings may ultimately improve early diagnostic criteria and treatment personalization, reducing overtreatment while enhancing patient outcomes.