membranloses

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, commonly referred to as membranoproliferative glomerulopathy or membranoproliferative disease, is a subgroup of glomerulonephritis characterized by the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells. This rare kidney disease leads to the accumulation of material in the Bowman's space and functional impairment of the glomeruli.

The term "membranoproliferative" is derived from the Affrani pathology classification that groups this condition alongside others such as essential posterior sclerosing thinning and endemic infantile endema. Symptoms often present gradually and may include various combinations of rises in blood pressure, reduction in kidney function, and evidence of hematuria.

Histologically, this condition is often characterized by spur-like protrusions under the electron microscope, segmental intercapillary sclerosis and mesangial deposits. Studies indicate membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis causes inflammation and immune reactions, resulting in chemical diffusion, which induces epithelial growth as well as surrounding glomeruli. However, investigation also indicates that there may be genetic and developmental roles.

The disease may be classified into two major subgroups, namely Type I and Type II, with variations in pathological presentation and potentially different prognoses for patients with each type. The exact cause of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is still unknown, although several possible risk factors have been proposed, including secondary causes of infections, diseases of the immune system and complications following organ transplantation.

The occurrence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis generally necessitates directed clinical management with cortosteroid medication or intravenous immunosuppressants. If not promptly and fully managed, it may lead to complications such as sexual transmission and chronic deafness.