cortosteroid

Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as artificially as medications. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and inflammation. Naturally occurring corticosteroids include cortisol and corticosterone.

In medicine, corticosteroids are widely used for their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. They are prescribed to treat a variety of conditions such as asthma, allergies, autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, and certain types of cancer. They work by reducing the production of inflammatory substances in the body and by suppressing the activity of the immune system. Corticosteroids can be administered in various forms, including oral tablets, inhaled preparations, topical creams, and injections.

While highly effective, corticosteroids can also have significant side effects, especially with long-term use or high doses. These can include weight gain, mood changes, increased risk of infection, thinning of the skin, bone loss (osteoporosis), and elevated blood sugar levels. It is crucial for patients to use corticosteroids only as prescribed by a healthcare professional and to follow their dosage instructions carefully to minimize potential adverse effects. Gradual tapering of the dose is often recommended when discontinuing treatment to prevent withdrawal symptoms.