makuläres

Makuläres, also known as macular degeneration, is a medical condition that primarily affects the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp and detailed central vision. It is a leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 60, making it a significant public health concern. There are two main types of macular degeneration: dry (atrophic) and wet (neovascular).

Dry macular degeneration is the more common form, accounting for about 85-90% of cases. It is characterized by the gradual breakdown of the light-sensitive cells in the macula, leading to a slow and painless loss of central vision. The exact cause of dry macular degeneration is not fully understood, but it is believed to be associated with a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

Wet macular degeneration, although less common, is more severe and can lead to rapid and significant vision loss. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak fluid or blood, causing damage to the macula. This type is often associated with the progression of dry macular degeneration and is typically treated with medications that inhibit the growth of these abnormal blood vessels.

Symptoms of macular degeneration include blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty reading or recognizing faces, and the appearance of straight lines as wavy or crooked. Early detection and regular eye exams are crucial for managing the condition and preserving vision. While there is no cure for macular degeneration, treatments such as medications, laser therapy, and lifestyle changes can help slow its progression and maintain quality of life.