makuladegeneratsiooni

Makuladegeneratsioon, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a common eye condition that affects the macula, a small part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. This central vision is crucial for reading, driving, and recognizing faces. AMD typically affects people over the age of 50 and is a leading cause of vision loss in this age group.

There are two main forms of macular degeneration: dry and wet. Dry AMD is the more common form and develops gradually as the macula thins and breaks down. This can lead to blurred or slightly distorted central vision. In some cases, small yellow deposits called drusen may form under the retina. Wet AMD is less common but more severe. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and leak fluid or blood. This leakage can cause rapid and significant vision loss, often appearing as wavy or distorted lines in vision.

The exact cause of AMD is not fully understood, but risk factors include age, family history, smoking, and certain genetic predispositions. While there is no cure for AMD, treatments are available to slow its progression or manage symptoms. For dry AMD, lifestyle modifications like eating a diet rich in antioxidants and lutein, and not smoking can be beneficial. For wet AMD, treatments like anti-VEGF injections can help reduce abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage. Regular eye exams are important for early detection and management of this condition.