lyhytnäkö

Lyhytnäkö, known scientifically as myopia, is a common refractive error of the eye. It occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina rather than directly on it. This results in distant objects appearing blurred while close objects remain clear.

The prevalence of myopia has been increasing globally, particularly in East Asia. Genetics play a significant role in its development, with a higher risk for individuals who have parents with myopia. Environmental factors are also believed to contribute, with extensive close work, such as reading or using electronic devices for prolonged periods, being associated with an increased incidence. Lack of outdoor time has also been identified as a potential risk factor.

Symptoms of lyhytnäkö typically include difficulty seeing distant objects, squinting to see far away, and sometimes headaches or eye strain. In children, signs might include sitting closer to the television or holding books very near their face.

Lyhytnäkö is diagnosed through a standard eye examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. The severity of myopia is measured in diopters, with negative numbers indicating the degree of nearsightedness.

Treatment aims to correct the refractive error and improve vision. Common corrective methods include eyeglasses and contact lenses. These lenses are designed to refocus light onto the retina, allowing for clear vision. In some cases, refractive surgery, such as LASIK, may be an option for adults to permanently correct myopia. Early detection and management are important, especially in children, as untreated or poorly corrected myopia can potentially lead to other eye conditions later in life.