lipidogramm

A lipidogram, also known as a lipid profile or lipid panel, is a blood test that measures various types of lipids and lipoproteins to assess an individual’s risk of cardiovascular disease. Lipids are fatty substances essential for the body’s functioning, but elevated levels can contribute to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. The test is commonly used in preventive healthcare to evaluate lipid metabolism and guide treatment decisions.

The lipidogram typically includes measurements of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. Total cholesterol reflects the sum of all lipid particles in the blood, while HDL, often referred to as "good" cholesterol, helps remove excess cholesterol from tissues. LDL, or "bad" cholesterol, can accumulate in arteries, leading to atherosclerosis. Triglycerides, another type of fat, provide energy but may indicate metabolic issues when elevated. Some advanced lipidograms also assess non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and lipoprotein(a), offering a more detailed assessment of cardiovascular risk.

The test is usually performed after an overnight fast to ensure accurate triglyceride readings, though some clinics may offer non-fasting lipid panels. Results are interpreted in relation to established clinical guidelines, such as those from the American Heart Association or the European Society of Cardiology, which categorize levels as optimal, borderline, high, or very high. Factors like age, sex, genetics, diet, and lifestyle influence lipid levels, and abnormal results may prompt further evaluation or lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes or medication.

Regular lipidogram monitoring is recommended for individuals with known risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, or a family history of heart disease. Early detection of dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid levels) allows for timely intervention, reducing the likelihood of cardiovascular events. While the lipidogram is a valuable tool, it should be considered alongside other health assessments for a comprehensive evaluation of cardiovascular risk.