limblength

Limblength refers to the measurement of the length of a limb, typically the upper or lower limb, or its major segments, in a vertebrate body. In humans, limb length is considered in terms of arm length (from shoulder to hand) and leg length (from hip to ankle), and is a component of body proportions used in clinical assessment and anthropometric studies.

Measurement methods include direct anthropometry using a tape or calipers, segmental measurements of specific bones (such as humerus, forearm, femur, and tibia), and imaging techniques like radiographs or MRI to assess bone length. In clinical practice, limb-length measurements are used to detect asymmetry, evaluate growth disorders, and guide treatment decisions. Standards commonly relate limb length to overall stature or to other body dimensions.

Variation in limb length arises from genetic factors, developmental biology, and environmental influences. Limb proportions show allometric relationships with height and body size and can differ by sex, ethnicity, and population. Growth and maturation stages, nutrition, and endocrine status affect the rate and final length of limbs. Pathological conditions such as congenital limb deficiencies, growth plate disorders, or injuries can cause limb-length discrepancies between limbs.

Clinical relevance includes assessment for asymmetry, gait abnormalities, and functional impact. Management of significant discrepancy may involve rehabilitation, assistive devices, or surgical options such as limb-lengthening procedures or prosthetics in cases of amputation or nonfunctional limbs. Limb-length research also informs studies of human evolution, locomotion, and comparative anatomy across species.