leucoryx

Leucoryx, commonly called the white oryx, refers to the species Oryx leucoryx, a desert-adapted antelope in the genus Oryx. The name leucoryx derives from Greek leuko- “white” and oryx, reflecting its pale coat. The species is part of the family Bovidae and the subfamily Hippotraginae.

Adult white oryx have a pale cream to white coat, with a dark muzzle and distinctive facial markings. They possess long, straight horns in both sexes, typically reaching around 60 to 90 centimeters. The body is compact and well suited to arid environments, with adaptations to minimize water loss.

Oryx leucoryx is native to the arid regions of the Arabian Peninsula. Historically widespread across deserts of Saudi Arabia, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and neighboring areas, populations declined due to overhunting and habitat change. Conservation and reintroduction efforts have established populations in several reserves and fenced landscapes, and some individuals roam the wild in protected areas.

Behaviorally, white oryx are social and often form herds ranging from a few to several dozen animals. They are capable of long-distance travel in search of water and forage, and they can survive for extended periods without free-standing water by obtaining moisture from vegetation. Their diet consists of grasses, shrubs, and forbs, with a preference for browse after rains.

Reproduction occurs year-round in response to rainfall, with a gestation period of roughly eight to nine months. Typically, a single calf is born, though twins can occur rarely. The species is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN due to past declines and ongoing threats such as habitat loss and poaching, despite ongoing conservation efforts.