lesslethal

Lesslethal (also written less-lethal) refers to weapons and munitions designed to incapacitate a person while reducing the likelihood of fatal injury compared with lethal firearms. The term is used in policing, crowd management, and security to describe tools intended to enable control or dispersion with a lower risk of death, though not risk-free.

Common lesslethal options include chemical irritants such as oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) and tear gas; impact projectiles such as rubber, foam, or plastic bullets; bean bag rounds; water cannons; and conducted-energy devices (CEDs) like stun guns and Tasers.

Effectiveness and safety: While designed to reduce lethality, lesslethal tools can still cause serious injuries or fatalities, especially at close range or to vulnerable individuals. Potential injuries include eye damage, blunt trauma, burns from irritants, and complications for medical conditions. Safe use relies on training, clear protocols, and appropriate target areas and engagement distances.

Regulation and debate: Use varies by country and jurisdiction, with policies emphasizing proportionality and de-escalation. Standards are set by law enforcement guidelines, manufacturers' specifications, and legislative controls. Critics point out that 'less-lethal' tools can escalate violence or cause unintended harm, underscoring the importance of nonviolent alternatives whenever possible.