kruisbite

Kruisbite is a dental malocclusion, commonly translated as crossbite, in which one or more upper teeth bite inside the lower teeth when the jaws are closed. It can involve the anterior (front) teeth, the posterior (back) teeth, or both, and may be unilateral (one side) or bilateral (both sides). Some cases are functional, arising from jaw position, while others are true crossbites caused by tooth misalignment or skeletal differences.

Anterior crossbite occurs when the upper front teeth bite behind the lower front teeth, potentially affecting bite function and facial growth. Posterior crossbite involves the back teeth and can create an uneven bite and crowding. Crossbites are often detected in childhood but can persist into adulthood if not treated.

Causes and contributing factors include genetic predisposition, abnormal eruption or spacing of teeth, discrepancies in jaw growth, and habits such as thumb-sucking or tongue thrusting. Early loss of primary teeth or airway-related issues can also play a role.

Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and imaging, such as dental impressions, photographs, and radiographs (including cephalometric radiographs) to assess tooth positions and skeletal relationships. Treatment depends on severity and age, with options ranging from orthodontic appliances (such as palatal expanders or rapid maxillary expansion) and braces to aligners and elastics. In adults with skeletal discrepancies, orthognathic surgery may be considered. Retention or use of a stabilizing appliance after correction helps reduce relapse.

Prognosis is generally favorable with early intervention; untreated crossbites can lead to asymmetric jaw growth, uneven wear, and temporomandibular joint strain. Prevalence varies by population and age, with higher detection in children than in adults.