koronarkärlssjukdom

Koronarkärlssjukdom, also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is a common condition affecting the arteries that supply blood to the heart. These arteries, called coronary arteries, can become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque. This process, known as atherosclerosis, can begin early in life and progresses over time.

When plaque builds up, it restricts blood flow to the heart muscle. This reduced blood flow can cause chest pain, known as angina. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form, completely blocking the artery and leading to a heart attack (myocardial infarction). Risk factors for koronarkärlssjukdom include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and a family history of heart disease.

Symptoms can vary. Angina often feels like pressure, squeezing, or fullness in the chest, which may spread to the arms, neck, jaw, or back. Other symptoms can include shortness of breath, fatigue, and dizziness. However, some individuals may have no symptoms, especially in the early stages.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), stress test, or angiography. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, slow or reverse plaque buildup, and reduce the risk of heart attack. This can include lifestyle changes like diet modification and exercise, medications to lower cholesterol, blood pressure, or prevent clots, and in some cases, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery. Prevention is key and focuses on managing modifiable risk factors.