kois
Kois are ornamental varieties of the common carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) kept in outdoor ponds for decorative purposes. They belong to the family Cyprinidae and were extensively bred in Japan from the 19th century, with breeding programs later spreading worldwide. Kois are selected for color, pattern, and body form rather than meat quality.
Koi come in many varieties distinguished by color patterns and scale types. Classic patterns include Kohaku
Keeping kois requires a large, well-filtered pond with reliable aeration. They prefer stable temperatures, typically 15–29°C
Reproduction occurs in spring as water warms; females lay thousands of eggs that cling to submerged surfaces.
Culturally, koi symbolize perseverance, strength, and luck in Japan and many garden traditions, where koi ponds