koira

Koira is Finnish for dog. In biological terms, the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated canid that shares ancestry with the gray wolf. Dogs were domesticated thousands of years ago and have since been bred into a wide range of breeds and types for various functions and companionship.

The domestic dog is usually classified as a subspecies of Canis lupus, Canis lupus familiaris, though some taxonomies treat it as a distinct species. Genetic evidence indicates domestication occurred at multiple locations and times.

Dogs show a large range of sizes, shapes, and coat types. They are generally muscular quadrupeds, with a highly developed sense of smell and hearing, and variable coloration. Lifespans commonly range from 10 to 13 years, depending on breed and care.

Dogs are social animals that form close bonds with humans and other dogs. They are trainable and versatile, serving as companions, working dogs for herding, guarding, search and rescue, service tasks, and therapy, among many roles.

Good welfare requires appropriate nutrition, regular exercise, preventive veterinary care, vaccinations, parasite control, and mental stimulation. Responsible breeding and adoption are encouraged to reduce inherited health problems; many dogs live in homes as pets or be integrated into working roles.

Dogs breed year-round in many populations; gestation is generally about 58 to 68 days and litters vary by breed. Population management and spay-neuter programs are common in many countries to prevent unwanted litters.