koblingsstøy

Koblingsstøy, also known as coupling noise or crosstalk, is an unwanted signal that interferes with another signal due to electromagnetic coupling between two or more electrical conductors or circuits. This phenomenon occurs when a changing current or voltage in one conductor induces a voltage or current in a nearby conductor. The strength of the coupling, and therefore the magnitude of the noise, depends on factors such as the distance between the conductors, their length, the frequency of the signals, and the shielding present.

In digital systems, koblingsstøy can manifest as false transitions or glitches on signal lines, potentially leading to data corruption or erroneous operation. For example, a fast-switching signal on one line can induce noise on an adjacent signal line, causing it to momentarily flip its state. This is particularly problematic in high-speed digital designs where signal edges are very steep.

In analog systems, koblingsstøy can appear as hum, buzz, or other unwanted distortions in audio or radio frequency signals. It can degrade the signal-to-noise ratio and impact the performance of sensitive electronic equipment.

Minimizing koblingsstøy involves careful circuit design and layout. Techniques include increasing the distance between signal traces, using ground planes to provide shielding, routing sensitive signals away from noisy ones, and employing differential signaling, where signals are transmitted on two wires with opposite polarity, making them less susceptible to common-mode noise. Proper shielding of cables and connectors also plays a crucial role in preventing or reducing koblingsstøy.