kihon

Kihon is a Japanese term meaning basic or fundamental. In martial arts, it refers to the foundational techniques and the drills used to develop correct form, timing, balance, and control. The concept emphasizes proper posture, alignment, breathing, and intention, building a reliable base for more advanced practice.

In karate, kihon typically encompasses stances, punches, blocks, kicks, and footwork. These elements are practiced in isolation and in combination to establish consistent technique and safe transfer to sparring (kumite) and forms (kata). A successful kihon sequence trains muscle memory and helps students execute techniques with speed and precision.

The term is used across many disciplines to describe core training. In judo, kihon-waza refers to the basic throwing and grappling techniques that form the foundation of repertoire. In kendo and iaido, kihon waza denotes basic strikes, parries, and footwork that underlie more complex patterns. In aikido, kihon dosa or kihon waza covers fundamental movements and responses that shape all subsequent techniques.

Practice methods for kihon include repetitive solo drills, partner drills with controlled contact, and progressive resistance. Instructors emphasize correct posture, breathing, and relaxation, as well as safe, standardized execution to prevent injury and to facilitate later learning of more complex techniques, combinations, or forms. Overall, kihon is regarded as the essential groundwork that supports skill development, precision, and efficiency across martial arts.