keratokonust

Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition where the normally round cornea thins and starts to bulge outward into a cone shape. This irregular shape of the cornea can cause distorted and blurred vision. It typically affects both eyes, though it may be more severe in one than the other. The exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It often begins to develop in the teenage years or early twenties and can progress over 10 to 20 years.

Symptoms of keratoconus can vary but commonly include gradual blurring of vision, increased sensitivity to light and glare, and frequent changes in eyeglass prescription. Patients may also experience ghosting or streaking around images, particularly at night. In some cases, a sudden worsening of vision can occur due to hydrops, which is swelling within the cornea.

Diagnosis of keratoconus is made through a comprehensive eye examination, including tests like a slit-lamp examination to visualize the cornea and corneal topography, which maps the curvature of the cornea. Early detection is crucial for managing the condition effectively.

Treatment options depend on the severity of the keratoconus. For mild cases, eyeglasses or soft contact lenses may provide sufficient vision correction. As the condition progresses, rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses are often prescribed as they can mask the irregular corneal shape and provide clearer vision. Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a procedure that strengthens the cornea and can help slow or stop the progression of keratoconus. In advanced cases where other treatments are no longer effective, a corneal transplant may be necessary.