kartsinoomide
Kartsinoomid, or carcinomas in English, are cancers that arise from epithelial cells that line internal organs or cover external surfaces. They are the most common type of cancer in humans and can develop in many tissues, including skin, lungs, breast, colon, and prostate. Carcinomas are typically categorized by their histologic appearance into subtypes such as squamous cell carcinoma, which originates from flat squamous cells; and adenocarcinoma, which arises from glandular epithelium. Other forms include basal cell, transitional, and neuroendocrine carcinomas.
The development of carcinomas usually involves gradual genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to abnormal cell
Risk factors vary by site but commonly include tobacco use (a major factor for lung and several
Diagnosis typically relies on tissue biopsy with histopathologic examination, supported by imaging studies (such as CT,
Treatment is tailored to site and stage and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies,