kapitalstraff

Kapitalstraff, commonly translated as capital punishment or the death penalty, is the state-imposed execution of a person as punishment for a crime. The term is used in Swedish and related languages to denote this form of punishment. It has a long and controversial history.

Historically, kapitalstraff has been applied for offenses ranging from murder and treason to espionage and war crimes. In the 20th century, many countries abolished or restricted it, while others retained it. Today, abolition or restriction is common in Europe and much of Latin America, whereas retention persists in parts of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Jurisdictions vary in which crimes are eligible, whether sentences are mandatory or discretionary, and how clemency is granted.

Criminal procedures surrounding kapitalstraff typically involve formal trials, multiple appeals, and avenues for mercy or pardon. The possibility of wrongful conviction and the irreversibility of the punishment are central concerns in the public and legal debates.

Methods have varied over time. Modern practice often uses lethal injection; other methods have included hanging, firing squad, electrocution, and gas chambers. The choice of method is influenced by legal, cultural, and political considerations.

The debate centers on retribution, deterrence, and human rights. Proponents argue that it provides justice and potential deterrence; opponents highlight risks of irreversible error, discriminatory application, higher costs, and moral concerns. Some jurisdictions maintain moratoriums or move toward abolition.

International law allows capital punishment in some contexts but emphasizes safeguards and limits. Treaties and regional frameworks, such as the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR and European human rights instruments, promote abolition. Nevertheless, kapitalstraff remains legal in a number of states, making it a continuing global issue.