hanging

Hanging is death produced by suspension of the body by a ligature placed around the neck. It has been used as a form of execution in many societies and is also a common method of suicide. The act involves binding a cord, rope, or chain around the neck and suspending the person from a fixed point. The mechanism of death is typically asphyxia due to airway and vascular compromise, leading to rapid loss of consciousness and brain death. In various historical methods, adjustments to the ligature and suspension influenced the timing and outcome, but the precise sequence can vary by method and individual.

Historically, hanging has appeared in many legal systems as capital punishment. In the modern era, abolition or moratoria have reduced its use in many countries, though several jurisdictions retain the death penalty and may still employ hanging. In forensic and clinical contexts, hanging is studied to understand patterns of injuries and signs that help differentiate cases of suicide, homicide, or accidental death. Forensic evaluations consider ligature type and placement, scene indicators, and medical findings as part of investigations.

Ethical considerations are central to the discussion of hanging, particularly regarding the humanity of capital punishment and the risk of wrongful execution. Public health approaches emphasize suicide prevention and access to mental health support as part of broader efforts to reduce self-harm.