inkribbon

Ink ribbon is a consumable used in impact printing devices and typewriters to transfer ink onto paper. It typically consists of a narrow length of fabric or film coated with ink, wound on two spools within a cartridge or frame. As the print mechanism strikes the ribbon and paper, ink is transferred to the surface of the page, creating legible characters.

There are several common formats. Typewriter ribbons are usually fabric ribbons made of cotton or nylon, coated with water-based or resin-based ink. They can be single-color (most commonly black) or bi-color, with an additional red section for headings or corrections. Carbon ribbons, used in some typewriters and multipart form systems, carry pigment on one side of the ribbon to improve copy density and enable carbon copies. Dot matrix or impact printers use ink ribbons housed in cartridges or spools; these ribbons can be fabric-based and may come in black or other colors, depending on the kit.

Ribbons are designed for specific devices or families of devices, and threading and tension must match the mechanism to ensure consistent print quality. When ink is depleted, characters become faint or incomplete, and the ribbon must be advanced or replaced. Regular maintenance, including cleaning the print head and ensuring proper ribbon alignment, helps reduce smudging and streaking.

Storage and handling considerations include keeping ribbons in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Properly sealed or packaged ribbons have a longer shelf life, and handling should avoid creasing or bending the ribbon, which can affect print quality.

Ink ribbons remain in use in some legacy typewriters, dot matrix printers, and other impact devices, especially in archival work, niche equipment, and settings where rugged, mechanical printing is preferred.