hüpertensiooniga

Hüpertensiooniga, more commonly known as hypertension or high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure in the arteries. This elevation means the heart has to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is recorded as two numbers: the systolic pressure (the higher number, representing pressure when the heart beats) and the diastolic pressure (the lower number, representing pressure when the heart rests between beats). A diagnosis of hypertension is typically made when blood pressure readings are consistently above 130/80 mmHg.

The causes of hypertension can be broadly categorized into primary (essential) hypertension, which has no identifiable cause, and secondary hypertension, which results from an underlying medical condition such as kidney disease, thyroid problems, or certain medications. Risk factors for developing hypertension include age, family history, obesity, lack of physical activity, an unhealthy diet high in sodium, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and stress.

Untreated or poorly controlled hypertension significantly increases the risk of serious health problems. These include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, vision loss, and peripheral artery disease. Managing hypertension usually involves lifestyle modifications such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, reducing sodium intake, limiting alcohol, and quitting smoking. In many cases, medication is also prescribed to help lower blood pressure to a safe level. Regular monitoring of blood pressure is essential for individuals diagnosed with hypertension to ensure effective management and prevent complications.