hypertriglyceridämie

Hypertriglyceridämie, also known as hypertriglyceridemia, is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides in the blood. Triglycerides are a type of fat that the body uses for energy. When triglyceride levels become too high, it can increase the risk of various health problems, particularly cardiovascular diseases.

The causes of hypertriglyceridämie can be varied. Primary hypertriglyceridämie is often genetically inherited and can manifest in different forms, ranging from mild elevations to severe forms that can lead to pancreatitis. Secondary hypertriglyceridämie is usually associated with other underlying medical conditions or lifestyle factors. These include poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, and excessive alcohol consumption. Certain medications, such as some diuretics, beta-blockers, and estrogen-containing therapies, can also contribute to elevated triglyceride levels.

Symptoms of hypertriglyceridämie are often absent, especially in milder cases. However, very high levels, typically above 1000 mg/dL, can lead to acute pancreatitis, a painful inflammation of the pancreas. In some individuals with chronic hypertriglyceridämie, fatty deposits called xanthomas may appear on the skin, particularly on the elbows, knees, and buttocks.

Diagnosis of hypertriglyceridämie is made through a blood test, usually a lipid panel, which measures triglyceride levels along with cholesterol. Management typically involves lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, weight loss, regular exercise, and limiting alcohol intake. In cases where lifestyle changes are insufficient or in severe forms, medication may be prescribed. These can include fibrates, niacin, or high-dose omega-3 fatty acids to help lower triglyceride levels and reduce the associated health risks.