hypertensio

Hypertensio is a chronic medical condition characterized by persistently elevated arterial blood pressure. Diagnosis relies on repeated measurements that exceed established thresholds and are confirmed on separate occasions. In many individuals, Hypertensio is asymptomatic; when symptoms occur they are nonspecific, such as headaches or brief episodes of dizziness, and typically reflect sustained hypertension or end-organ effects.

Hypertensio has multifactorial origins, including genetic susceptibility, obesity, high-sodium diet, excessive alcohol intake, physical inactivity, and comorbid conditions such as kidney disease or sleep apnea. The condition arises from a combination of increased vascular resistance, arterial stiffness, and dysregulated fluid and neurohumoral balance, leading to sustained elevations in arterial pressure.

Evaluation includes baseline laboratory tests to assess organ function and risk factors, along with retinal examination for vascular changes. Blood pressure should be measured using validated devices, with multiple readings and, when appropriate, home or ambulatory monitoring to distinguish sustained Hypertensio from white coat or masked hypertension.

Management emphasizes both lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy when indicated. Non-pharmacologic measures include weight reduction, physical activity, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables (DASH), reduced sodium intake, moderation of alcohol, and smoking cessation. Pharmacologic treatment may involve one or more antihypertensive drug classes, selected according to overall cardiovascular risk and comorbidities, with regular follow-up to monitor adherence and response.

Hypertensio is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney disease, and retinopathy. With appropriate treatment, the risk of complications decreases, but control requires ongoing monitoring and adjustment. It is broadly prevalent worldwide, with incidence rising with age and varying by region and lifestyle factors.