hyperperfúzió

Hyperperfúzió, or hyperperfusion, refers to an excessive increase in blood flow to a specific tissue or organ beyond its metabolic demands. This condition typically arises when blood flow is artificially elevated, often due to medical interventions such as revascularization procedures, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). During these procedures, previously restricted blood flow is restored, leading to a sudden surge in perfusion that may exceed the tissue’s ability to utilize oxygen efficiently.

Hyperperfúzió is most commonly observed in the context of myocardial reperfusion, where restoring blood flow to ischemic heart tissue can paradoxically cause complications. The excessive oxygen delivery may lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage, contributing to conditions like myocardial stunning or reperfusion injury. Symptoms may include chest pain, arrhythmias, or elevated cardiac enzymes, though not all patients experience adverse effects.

The phenomenon is also relevant in other organs, such as the brain or kidneys, where hyperperfusion syndrome—often seen after carotid endarterectomy or renal transplantation—can result in complications like edema, hemorrhage, or impaired function. Risk factors include pre-existing vascular disease, hypertension, or impaired autoregulation of blood flow.

Management of hyperperfúzió involves careful monitoring of perfusion pressures, oxygen delivery, and tissue oxygenation. In some cases, vasodilators or anti-inflammatory therapies may be employed to mitigate adverse effects. Prevention often relies on optimizing revascularization techniques and ensuring gradual restoration of blood flow to minimize oxidative stress. While hyperperfúzió is a well-documented phenomenon in clinical practice, its exact mechanisms and optimal management strategies remain areas of ongoing research.