homosexualité

Homosexualité refers to romantic or sexual attraction to people of the same sex or gender. It is one of several types of sexual orientations, alongside heterosexuality, bisexuality, and asexuality. The term "homosexual" was first coined in the late 19th century, though same-sex relationships and attractions have existed throughout human history and across diverse cultures.

In scientific and psychological circles, homosexuality is understood as a natural variation of human sexuality. Major medical and psychological organizations worldwide, including the American Psychiatric Association and the World Health Organization, do not consider homosexuality to be a mental disorder. Research suggests that sexual orientation is a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, and it is not a choice.

Societal attitudes towards homosexuality have varied significantly over time and across different cultures. In some societies, it has been accepted or even celebrated, while in others, it has faced stigma, discrimination, and legal persecution. In recent decades, many countries have seen increasing acceptance and the establishment of legal rights for LGBTQ+ individuals, including marriage equality. However, challenges related to discrimination and human rights persist in many parts of the world. The study of homosexuality involves fields such as sociology, psychology, history, and anthropology, seeking to understand its diverse expressions and societal impacts.