hjulbremsing

Hjulbremsing (wheel braking) refers to the deceleration or stopping of a vehicle by applying frictional braking forces to the wheels. The braking torque is generated when brake components such as pads or shoes press against rotors (discs) or drums, converting the vehicle’s kinetic energy into heat. This mechanism is a fundamental part of most braking systems and is commonly integrated with regenerative braking in electric and hybrid vehicles.

Most modern passenger cars use hydraulic disc brakes on at least the front axle, and drums on some rear wheels. When the brake pedal is pressed, hydraulic fluid transmits pressure to calipers or wheel cylinders, which then squeeze pads against discs or shoes against drums. The friction slows the wheel, and the energy is dissipated as heat. Brake performance depends on pad material, disc or drum condition, temperature, and tire grip.

The distribution of braking force between front and rear axles is influenced by weight transfer during deceleration; front brakes usually carry more load. Wheel slip—the difference between wheel rotation and vehicle speed—affects traction; under high slip, braking efficiency declines. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) monitor wheel speed and pulse brake pressure to prevent locking, while electronic brake-force distribution helps maintain stability and steerability.

In practice, wheel braking is used together with engine braking and, in hybrids and EVs, with regenerative braking to optimize energy recovery and braking feel. Road conditions, tire condition, and brake maintenance are important factors for safe and predictable stopping distances.