hinduïsme

Hinduism is a diverse religion practiced by over a billion people worldwide, primarily in India and Nepal. It is often described as the "oldest religion" due to its ancient origins, with roots tracing back to the Vedic period around 1500 BCE. Unlike religions with a single founder, Hinduism evolved over thousands of years, incorporating a vast array of beliefs, practices, and philosophies.

Central to Hindu belief is the concept of Brahman, the ultimate reality or supreme spirit, which is seen as the source of all existence. Hinduism is polytheistic in practice, with numerous gods and goddesses, such as Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi, who are often seen as manifestations of Brahman. The religion emphasizes dharma, the concept of cosmic order and individual duty, which guides one's actions and responsibilities in life. Karma, the principle of cause and effect, plays a crucial role, suggesting that actions in this life influence future lives. The goal for many Hindus is moksha, liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara).

Key scriptures in Hinduism include the Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, and the epic poems Ramayana and Mahabharata (which includes the Bhagavad Gita). Practices vary widely, encompassing devotion (bhakti), meditation, yoga, rituals, and pilgrimage. The caste system, a traditional social hierarchy, has historically been associated with Hinduism, though its interpretation and practice have been subjects of much debate and reform. Hinduism's adaptability has allowed it to flourish across diverse cultures and time periods.