Hindus

Hindus are adherents of Hinduism, a diverse and ancient religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Unlike many faiths, Hinduism has no single founder or central authority. Core concepts include dharma (duty and moral order), karma (action and consequence), samsara (the cycle of birth and rebirth), and moksha (liberation). Scriptures range from the Vedas and Upanishads to the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad Gita; many other texts such as Puranas and Agamas are read regionally. Philosophical schools such as Advaita Vedanta, Vishishtadvaita, and Dvaita offer different interpretations of reality. Practices vary but commonly include puja (worship), life-cycle rites (samskaras), temple visits, and yoga or meditation. Festivals such as Diwali, Holi, Navaratri, and local fairs reflect regional traditions.

Hinduism is the major religion in India and Nepal, with substantial communities in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and large global diasporas. Outside the subcontinent, Hindu communities are established in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and parts of Southeast Asia. Hindus worship diverse deities and emphasize plural paths to the divine; major traditions include Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism. Regional practices, languages, and social contexts shape Hindu life. While traditionally linked with caste in some regions, modern reforms promote equality and religious freedom.

Hindus constitute a broad cultural and religious category that intersects with language, art, philosophy, and daily life. Identity as Hindu can reflect heritage, devotion, or both, and individuals may identify culturally, theologically, or in varying ways. Scholars note Hinduism's enduring diversity and its historical emphasis on tolerance and multiple legitimate paths to the divine.