Diwali

Diwali, or Deepavali, is a festival of lights celebrated by Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, and some Buddhists. It is observed on the darkest night of the new moon in the Hindu lunisolar month of Kartik, usually falling in October or November. In many places the festival lasts five days, each with its own rituals and meanings.

Typical practices include cleaning and decorating homes, lighting oil lamps or diyas, and drawing rangoli designs at entrances. Fireworks and fireworks displays are common in many communities, though there is growing emphasis on safety and environmental concerns. Central to many observances is Lakshmi Puja, the worship of the goddess of wealth, often performed alongside reverence for Ganesha, the remover of obstacles. Families exchange sweets and gifts, share festive meals, and visit friends and relatives.

In Hindu tradition, Diwali symbolizes the victory of light over darkness and knowledge over ignorance. It recalls various legends, including the return of Rama to Ayodhya after defeating Ravana. In Jainism, Diwali marks Mahavira’s Nirvana. In Sikhism, the day is celebrated as Bandi Chhor Divas, commemorating the release of prisoners and the return of Guru Arjan to the city of Amritsar.

Regional variations influence the sequence of observances, such as Dhanteras and Naraka Chaturdashi preceding the main night, Govardhan Puja (or Padva) on the fourth day, and Bhai Dooj on the final day, which honors sister–brother bonds.

Diwali is celebrated worldwide with public lights, cultural programs, and commercial activity. Increasing attention to fire safety and environmental impact has led some communities to favor LED lighting, reduced noise, and eco-friendly decorations.