Shaktism

Shaktism is a tradition within Hinduism that centers on Shakti, the divine feminine, as the supreme power and source of the universe. In Shakta worship, the goddess is venerated in her many forms—Parvati, Durga, Kali, Lakshmi, Saraswati—and as the ultimate principle that animates creation, sustainment, and dissolution.

Theological approaches vary, but Devi is regarded by many adherents as the supreme being, sometimes as the sole reality or as the coherent energy that underlies all male deities such as Shiva and Vishnu. Shaktism can be described as monotheistic or panentheistic, and it exists alongside other Hindu paths rather than in opposition to them.

Key scriptures include the Devi Mahatmya (in the Markandeya Purana), the Devi Bhagavata Purana, the Lalita Sahasranama, and various Shakta tantras and agamas. Devotion emphasizes personal worship (puja), mantra recitation, and ritual rites honoring the goddess in her diverse forms. Important practices include temple worship, seasonal festivals such as Navaratri and Durga Puja, and pilgrimages to Shakti peethas and other sacred centers.

Historically, Shaktism has deep roots in ancient India and remains especially influential in eastern regions, notably West Bengal and Odisha, as well as in Nepal and parts of Bangladesh. It has shaped and been shaped by other Hindu traditions, including Vaishnavism and Shaivism, and it has inspired modern feminist and reform movements within Hinduism. It continues to be a major stream of Hindu devotional life with many female saints, poets, and scholars contributing to its literature and practice.