Shakta

Shakta refers to adherents of Shaktism, a Hindu tradition that regards Shakti, the cosmic feminine energy, as the supreme principle and often as the ultimate reality. Shakta can also denote a practitioner or devotee within this tradition, which is diverse and interwoven with other Hindu streams.

Core beliefs: The Goddess (Devi) is the source of all creation and power; she manifests in many forms such as Durga, Kali, Parvati, Lakshmi, Saraswati, and is sometimes identified with the absolute Brahman or Adi Parashakti. Shakta theology integrates both devotional bhakti and, in many traditions, tantric practices. The Goddess is worshipped as both a benevolent mother and a fierce destroyer of evil, depending on form.

Scripts and practice: Canonical sources include Devi Mahatmya (a key text within the Markandeya Purana) and various Devi-oriented liturgies. Ritual life centers on puja, mantra, and temple worship, with major seasonal festivals such as Navaratri and Durga Puja. Tantric streams emphasize yantra, ritualization, and the worship of Devi in specific forms like Tripura Sundari. Important temples include Kamakhya in Assam and Kalighat Kali Temple in Kolkata.

History and distribution: Shakta traditions emerged in ancient and medieval India, attaining prominence in Bengal, Assam, and parts of western and southern regions, often blending with Shaiva and Vaishnava devotion. They contributed to religious poetry, art, and temple architecture, and continue to be practiced by communities across India and in the diaspora.

Relationship: Shaktism is one of the major Hindu traditions alongside Vaishnavism and Shaivism. It emphasizes the feminine divine as the source and catalyst of cosmic processes, while often acknowledging the gods like Shiva as manifestations or consorts of the Goddess.