Devi

Devi is a Sanskrit term meaning goddess and is used in Hinduism as the name or title of the feminine divine. It denotes the supreme goddess in Shaktism, a tradition that emphasizes the divine feminine as the source of all energy and creation. Devi is also a generic designation for various goddesses, including Durga, Kali, Lakshmi, Saraswati, and Parvati, who are viewed as manifestations or aspects of Devi.

Etymology and theology: Devi is the feminine form of Deva, the male deity. In Hindu thought, Devi represents shakti, the dynamic power that animates the universe. The concept accumulates as a central principle in the idea of a Great Goddess (Mahadevi), synthesizing regional goddesses into a single, supreme feminine principle.

Texts and worship: The Devi Mahatmya, part of the Markandeya Purana, portrays the goddess as a cosmic force who defeats the demon Mahishasura, underscoring the empowerment of the divine feminine. Devotional practice centers on devotion to Devi’s various forms, with Navaratri celebrating Durga and Lakshmi Navaratri or Saraswati Puja honoring other aspects. Temples dedicated to Devi host shrines to multiple forms, reflecting her plural manifestations.

Modern usage: Devi is also a common female given name and surname in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and among the global Indian diaspora. The name remains widely used across linguistic and regional communities, often carrying associations with auspiciousness and divine protection.

Related topics include Durga, Kali, Lakshmi, Saraswati, Parvati, Navaratri, and Shaktism.