Shakti

Shakti is a central concept in Hinduism referring to the divine feminine energy and principle that underpins creation, maintenance, and transformation. Etymologically derived from Sanskrit, shakti means power, ability, or force. In Hindu thought, Shakti denotes both a cosmic energy and a goddess who embodies that energy, often conceived as the dynamic counterpart to the masculine principle of Shiva.

In theology, Shakti appears in two interrelated ways. Some traditions, especially Shaktism, teach that the Devi or Adi Shakti is the supreme divine reality and source of all power, with diverse forms such as Durga, Kali, Lakshmi, Sarasvati, Parvati, and Lalita as manifestations of the same ultimate principle. Other mainstream strands, including Shaivism, acknowledge Shakti as the enabling energy that activates Shiva; thus, the two are seen as complementary aspects of the divine, with Shakti driving cosmic and spiritual processes.

Practices and worship associated with Shakti include temple devotion, mythic narratives, and tantric rites. Key sites known as Shakti Peethas are believed to enshrine powerful aspects of the goddess, and devotional traditions often emphasize the goddess’s forms and avataris. In tantra and yogic traditions, Shakti is linked to inner energy (kundalini) and the ascent through chakras, symbolizing spiritual awakening and liberation.

Shakti also plays a significant role in cultural rituals and festivals such as Navaratri and Durga Puja, which celebrate the goddess’s power and benevolent aspects. The concept remains a major influence on Hindu ritual, iconography, and philosophy, illustrating the enduring relevance of feminine divine energy in Hindu thought.