hidraulikus

Hydraulics refers to technologies that transmit and control power through the pressurized flow of liquids. The term is used in many languages, including Hungarian, where hidraulikus is the equivalent adjective. In hydraulic systems, pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished to every part of the system (Pascal's principle). This allows small input forces to produce large output forces at pistons or hydraulic motors, enabling linear or rotary motion with high torque.

A typical hydraulic system consists of a reservoir, a pump, fluid lines, valves and fittings, and actuators such as cylinders or motors. The pump creates pressure; valves direct fluid flow and regulate speed and position; actuators convert fluid energy into mechanical work. Hydraulic fluids—often mineral oil-based or synthetic—provide lubrication, cooling, and sealing. Fluids must be chosen for viscosity, temperature stability, and compatibility with materials; many systems include filters and coolers to maintain cleanliness.

Applications span construction and manufacturing—excavators, loaders, presses—as well as aviation and automotive systems (flight controls, braking, power steering). Advantages of hydraulic systems include a favorable power-to-weight ratio, fine positioning, and the ability to multiply force over short travel distances. Limitations include potential for leaks, sensitivity to contamination, performance changes with temperature, and higher maintenance costs. Safety concerns center on high pressure, fluid exposure, and flammable fluids in some formulations. Proper design, maintenance, and monitoring are essential for reliable operation.