hepatiittihäiriöt

Hepatitittihäiriöt, commonly known as hepatitis, refer to inflammation of the liver. This inflammation can be caused by various factors, with viral infections being the most prevalent. The most common viral hepatitis types are A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A is typically spread through contaminated food or water and is usually acute and self-limiting. Hepatitis B is transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids and can lead to chronic infection. Hepatitis C is also transmitted through blood, often through shared needles, and is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and liver cancer. Hepatitis D is a unique form that only occurs in individuals already infected with hepatitis B. Hepatitis E is similar to hepatitis A in its transmission route but can be more severe in pregnant women.

Beyond viral causes, hepatitis can also result from autoimmune diseases, where the body's immune system attacks the liver. Certain medications, excessive alcohol consumption, and exposure to toxins can also induce liver inflammation, termed toxic or drug-induced hepatitis. Symptoms of hepatitis vary but may include fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and dark urine. Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect viral markers, liver enzymes, and antibodies, as well as imaging techniques and sometimes liver biopsy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and can range from supportive care and lifestyle modifications to antiviral medications and, in severe cases, liver transplantation. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent long-term liver damage and complications.