hartebeest

Hartebeest is the common name for several African antelope species in the subfamily Alcelaphinae. The best known is the common hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus), and the group includes several regional forms that are often collectively referred to as hartebeest. These animals are medium to large, with elongated faces, a relatively boxy head, and long legs. They typically have horns; in most species males possess prominent horns, and in some forms females bear smaller horns as well. Coat color ranges from reddish brown to gray, with variations among subspecies and seasons.

Hartebeest are native to sub-Saharan Africa and inhabit open savannas, grasslands, floodplains, and other expansive, lightly wooded areas. They favor landscapes with tall grasses and reliable water sources and generally avoid dense woodland. Some populations undertake seasonal migrations in response to rainfall and grazing patterns.

Behaviorally, hartebeest are social animals that form herds ranging from a few individuals to several hundred. Males often defend territories or harems during the breeding season, and social structure can vary by species. They are primarily diurnal and are most active at dawn and dusk.

Diet consists mainly of grasses, making them obligate grazers, though they may browse when grazing is scarce. Reproduction varies by species and region, but gestation typically lasts about eight to nine months, usually yielding a single calf.

Conservation status varies among species and locales. Some populations are stable, while others have declined due to habitat loss, hunting, and disease. Many hartebeest occur in protected areas, and management programs help sustain remaining numbers.