halvledarkoncept
Halvledarkoncept, or the semiconductor concept, refers to the scientific and technological framework for materials whose electrical conductivity lies between conductors and insulators. In band theory, electrons occupy a valence band separated by a band gap from the conduction band; the gap size and external factors such as temperature or illumination determine the number of charge carriers. Intrinsic semiconductors have a small, temperature-dependent carrier density, which can be dramatically modified by impurities.
Doping introduces impurities to create n-type or p-type materials, increasing the density of electrons or holes
PN junctions form when p-type and n-type regions meet, producing rectifying behavior used in diodes. Under forward
Common semiconductor materials include silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, silicon carbide, and gallium nitride. Silicon dominates because
Applications span computing, communications, energy conversion, and sensing. The halvledarkoncept continues to drive research into new