graviditetsplanering

Graviditetsplanering, or pregnancy planning, is the intentional preparation for pregnancy to optimize health outcomes for the mother and child. It encompasses medical assessment, lifestyle adjustments, and consideration of social and environmental factors that can influence conception and pregnancy. It is supported by primary care, midwives, or specialized preconception services and guided by national or regional guidelines.

Key elements include preconception health optimization: folic acid supplementation, vaccination as indicated (for rubella, hepatitis B, influenza), and management of chronic conditions to reduce risks. Medication review to avoid teratogens, avoidance of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs, guidance on nutrition and healthy weight, and screening for mental health and infectious diseases.

Contraception and timing are central. People planning pregnancy may adjust or discontinue contraception and seek preconception counseling to assess fertility, age-related risks, and the need for fertility support. Fertility awareness, prenatal care planning, and, when appropriate, assisted reproduction options may be discussed.

Equity and ethics are important in gravi itetsplanering. Access to information and services should be equitable and respectful of autonomy and privacy. Cultural, socioeconomic, and occupational factors influence decisions and outcomes, requiring culturally sensitive, patient-centered counseling and policies that reduce barriers to care.

Evidence indicates that structured preconception and pregnancy planning can reduce adverse outcomes, such as neural tube defects and complications related to chronic disease. Guidelines vary by country, but common principles include early engagement with healthcare providers, risk assessment, and timely interventions before conception.