goalkeeper

A goalkeeper, or goalie, is a player whose primary job is to prevent the opposing team from scoring by guarding the goal. The position exists in many team sports and typically requires specialized equipment and training. Goalkeepers are often the last line of defense and may organize the defensive shape, communicate with teammates, and direct the flow of play from the goal area.

In association football (soccer), the goalkeeper is the only player allowed to handle the ball within the penalty area. They must stop shots, catch or punch crosses, and distribute the ball to teammates to start attacks. They wear gloves and a kit that is typically distinct in color from outfield players. Good goalkeepers exhibit reflexes, positioning, and decision-making under pressure.

In ice hockey, the goaltender defends the goal behind the defensive players and uses a catcher glove, a blocker, leg pads, a chest protector, and a large stick to stop pucks. They perform saves from close range and must remain centered in the crease while reading shots. Other sports with goalkeepers include field hockey, handball, and water polo, where players use protective equipment and game-specific techniques to prevent goals.

Key skills for goalkeepers include anticipation, agility, height or reach advantages, communication, and mental resilience. Training covers shot-stopping, rebound control, catching, diving, distribution, and maintaining composure during penalties or breakaways. The role varies by sport in terms of allowed contact with the ball, permitted actions with the hands, and typical areas of responsibility.