glikemii

Glikemii refers to the concentration of glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood, commonly measured to monitor and manage conditions like diabetes. The term originates from the Greek words glykys (sweet) and haima (blood), reflecting its biological significance. Blood glucose levels are essential for providing energy to cells throughout the body, but fluctuations outside normal ranges can lead to health complications.

Normal fasting blood glucose levels typically range between 70–99 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 3.9–5.5 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) in healthy individuals. Levels rise after meals due to insulin release from the pancreas, which facilitates glucose uptake by tissues. However, in conditions such as diabetes mellitus, insulin production or function may be impaired, causing chronically elevated (hyperglycemia) or dangerously low (hypoglycemia) glucose levels.

Monitoring glikemii is critical for diagnosing and managing diabetes. Methods include finger-prick blood tests with glucometers, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, or laboratory blood tests like hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), which reflects average glucose levels over several weeks. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and medication adherence significantly influence glikemii, making consistent monitoring and adjustment essential for preventing complications like neuropathy, retinopathy, or cardiovascular disease.

Symptoms of abnormal glikemii may include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, or rapid weight changes. Immediate medical attention is required for severe hypoglycemia, which can lead to confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness. Proper management of glikemii through diet, medication, and regular check-ups helps maintain metabolic health and reduce long-term risks.