gingiviitti

Gingiviitti, or gingivitis, is inflammation of the gingiva, the gum tissue around the teeth. It is the early, reversible form of gum disease and is usually caused by plaque buildup at the gum line. Symptoms can include red, swollen gums that bleed easily during brushing or flossing, and sometimes bad breath.

Causes and risk factors: The most common cause is inadequate plaque control leading to tartar formation. Other factors include hormonal changes (pregnancy, puberty, oral contraceptives), diabetes, certain medications, tobacco use, and nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin C.

Pathophysiology and progression: Bacteria in dental plaque trigger gingival inflammation. With proper plaque control, the condition can reverse. If untreated, gingivitis may progress to periodontitis, with loss of gum attachment and bone.

Diagnosis: Diagnosis is clinical, based on gum appearance, bleeding on probing, and measured periodontal pockets that are typically normal in gingivitis (≤3 mm). X‑rays usually show no bone loss.

Treatment and management: Management focuses on removing plaque and tartar through professional cleaning, and improving daily oral hygiene. Antiseptic mouth rinses can be used short term. Addressing contributing factors and cessation of tobacco support healing; antibiotics are not routinely used for gingivitis alone.

Prevention and prognosis: Regular dental visits, good brushing and flossing habits, and avoiding tobacco help prevent gingivitis. With proper care, gingivitis is reversible; if untreated, it can progress to periodontitis.

Terminology: The Finnish term for this condition is gingiviitti.