gestó

Gestó is a term used in theoretical discussions of multimodal communication to denote a systematic class of gestural modifications that accompany spoken language. The concept is used to describe how physical movements can modify or reinforce the meaning of utterances without forming a stand-alone sign system. The term is sometimes presented as a distinct layer of communication, separate from, but integrated with, phonology and syntax.

Definition and typology: In this framework, gestó encompasses coordinated body movements such as hand shapes and movements, facial expressions, head tilts, and gaze patterns that occur in interaction. Scholars distinguish several subtypes: emblematic gestures with conventionalized meaning, illustrators that accompany or illustrate spoken content, regulators that manage turn-taking and pace, and adaptors or self-directed movements that reflect affect or cognitive processing.

Relation to language: Gestó is typically described as multimodal support for spoken language rather than a replacement for oral syntax. It can alter perceived emphasis, polarity, or emotional stance and can vary across cultures and contexts. Because of this variability, research emphasizes careful cross-cultural analysis and situational factors.

Origins and status: Gestó emerged in late 20th- to early 21st-century discussions of multimodal communication and pragmatics. It is not universally adopted as a formal theory and remains one of several terms used to discuss gesture in relation to language. See also gesture, nonverbal communication, multimodality.