freediver

Freediver is a person who practices freediving, the activity of diving underwater while holding one’s breath, without the use of breathing apparatus. Freediving allows exploration of underwater environments using only a single breath, relying on breath-control, relaxation, and efficient movement to minimize oxygen use.

Common disciplines in modern freediving include static apnea (holding a breath on the surface), dynamic apnea (swimming horizontally underwater on a single breath, with or without fins), constant weight (descents and ascents with fins or without, using a rope for depth), and free immersion (pulling along a rope to descend and ascend). No-limits is a historical discipline that is rarely practiced in contemporary competition. International governing bodies for freediving include AIDA International and CMAS, which oversee records, competition formats, and safety rules.

Training and safety for freediving emphasize breath-hold ability, relaxation, mental discipline, equalization of the ears, and efficient finning. Core safety principles include diving with a trained buddy or safety divers in organized events, using appropriate equipment, and following medical clearance and progressive training. Equipment commonly used by freedivers includes a mask, snorkel, fins, and a wetsuit, with additional gear such as a weight belt, a line or buoy for discipline-specific depth control, and timing or dive computers as needed. Freediving carries risks such as shallow-water blackout, ear and lung injuries, and barotrauma, which can be mitigated through proper instruction, established safety protocols, and conservative limits.

Freediving has historical roots in ancient diving practices and has grown into a modern sport and recreational activity with dedicated schools and competition circuits worldwide. It emphasizes body awareness, environmental stewardship, and training in both pool and open-water settings.