snorkel

A snorkel is a tube that allows a swimmer to breathe air from above the water’s surface while the face remains submerged, typically used in conjunction with a mask. The lower end of the tube contains a mouthpiece through which the user inhales and exhales, while the upper end extends above the water to supply air. Many snorkels include features such as a purge valve near the mouth or at the bottom to vent water, and some designs have a dry-top or semi-dry top that reduces water entry when the tube is submerged.

Design variations include traditional non-dry snorkels, dry-top snorkels with a float valve to block water entry, and semi-dry designs that balance water resistance and ventilation. Materials are usually lightweight plastics for the tube and silicone or elastomer for the mouthpiece. Typical lengths range from about 30 to 40 centimeters, though longer tubes provide more clearance at the cost of increased drag.

Usage and applications: snorkels are used for surface swimming to observe underwater life or for breath control during training. They are not intended for breathing underwater; inhalation must come from above the surface. They are common among recreational snorkelers, swimmers in training, and divers who want to conserve air at the surface.

Safety considerations: water can enter the tube, posing a choking risk, especially for beginners or in rough conditions. Clearing the snorkel involves exhaling through the mouth to blow out water and re-establish airflow. Users should avoid hyperventilation, stay aware of surroundings, and snorkel with a buddy in appropriate conditions. Full-face snorkel masks are a separate design that integrates the snorkel into the mask but require careful handling and fit considerations.