formálható

Formálható is a Hungarian adjective meaning capable of being shaped, molded, or formed. In English, formálható is commonly translated as formable or malleable, depending on context, and it relates to the ability to undergo plastic deformation rather than purely elastic changes. The word derives from formálni, to shape, with the suffix -ható indicating possibility or capability.

In materials science, formálhatóság (formability) refers to a material’s ability to undergo plastic deformation under forming processes without cracking. Metals such as copper, aluminum, and many steels typically exhibit high formálhatóság; plastics and some polymers can be thermoformable, while ceramics are usually brittle and have limited formability unless specially processed. Ductility and malleability are related concepts; formability emphasizes the capacity to adopt new shapes under mechanical work.

Forming processes that exploit formálhatóság include forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing, and molding techniques for plastics (injection molding, extrusion, thermoforming). Formability depends on temperature, strain rate, work hardening, grain structure, and impurities. Cold forming generally increases strength but may reduce formability, while hot forming can enhance it by promoting recrystallization.

Assessment of formability in design and manufacturing often uses practical tests and, for sheet metal, diagrams that describe forming limits. Materials selection for a project considers formálhatóság to ensure manufacturability, and processing choices—such as heat treatment, annealing, and alloying—are used to achieve the desired formability.